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The Guarding field theory is a unique theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of surgical diseases such as scabies, sores and gangrene. The hooping in place is the best performance of Guarding field theory. This paperreviews the research progress of Guarding field theory from the aspects of theoretical research, basic research, clinical research in recent years, which shows the connotation of this theory has been expanded. and the generalized concept of Guarding field theory refers to human's healthy Qi, and the field theory has been widely used in treating diseases likemalignant tumor, postoperative anorectal infection, refractory wound to guide clinical treatment.
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OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the feasibility of using shear wave velocity (SWV) in assessing the stiffness of carotid plaque by supersonic shear imaging (SSI) and explore preliminary clinical value for such evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Supersonic shear imaging was performed in 142 patients with ischemic stroke, including 76 males and 66 females with mean age of 66 years (range, 45–80 years). The maximum, minimum, and mean values of SWV were measured for 129 carotid plaques. SWVs were compared between echolucent and echogenic plaques. Correlations between SWVs and serum homocysteine levels were investigated. Based on neurological symptom, the surrogate marker of vulnerable plaque (VP), binary logistic regression was performed and area under curve (AUC) of homocysteine only and homocysteine combing SWVmean was calculated respectively. RESULTS: Echogenic plaques (n = 51) had higher SWVs than echolucent ones (n = 78) (SWVmin 3.91 [3.24–4.17] m/s vs. 1.51 [1.04–1.94] m/s; SWVmean, 4.29 [3.98–4.57] m/s vs. 2.09 [1.69–2.41] m/s; SWVmax, 4.67 [4.33–4.86] m/s vs. 2.62 [2.32–3.31] m/s all p values < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that stiffness of plaques was negatively correlated with homocysteine level. R values for SWVmin, SWVmean, and SWVmax were −0.205, −0.213, and −0.199, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that sex (p = 0.008), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.015), triglycerides (p = 0.011), SWVmean (p = 0.004), and hyper-homocysteinemia (p = 0.010) were significantly associated with symptomatic ischemic stroke. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that SWVmean combing serum homocysteine level (AUC = 0.67) presented better diagnostic value than serum homocysteine only (AUC = 0.60) for symptomatic ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION: Supersonic shear imaging could be used to quantitatively evaluate stiffness of both echolucent and echogenic carotid plaques. More importantly, SWVs of plaques were not only correlated to serum homocysteine level, but also associated with symptomatic ischemic stroke, suggesting that SSI might be useful for understanding more about VP.
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Female , Humans , Male , Area Under Curve , Biomarkers , Homocysteine , Lipoproteins , Logistic Models , ROC Curve , Stroke , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of isoliquiritigenin on the migration and invasion of human glioma stem cells and the underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The stem cell markers CD133 and Nestin in SHG44 human glioma stem cells were examined with immunofluorescence microscopy. The migration and invasion ability of glioma stem cells was determined by transwell method. The mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CD133 and Nestin were positive in SHG44 cells. The number of migrated cells in SHG44 cells treated with 20 and 80 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin for 48 h were significantly lower than that in control group (76±5 and 42±4 vs. 85±6, all <0.01), and the number of migrated cells in 80 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin group was lower than that in 20 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin group (<0.01). The numbers of cells crossing through membrane in 20 and 80 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin groups were 190±13 and 130±9, respectively, which were significantly lower than that in control group (230±14, all <0.01), and the number of crossed cells in the 80 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin group was lower than that in 20 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin group (<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were decreased compared with control group (<0.05 or <0.01), and the expression levels in 80 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin group were lower than those in 20 μmol/L isoliquiritigenin group (<0.05 or <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Isoliquiritigenin exhibits antitumor effects on glioma stem cells by inhibiting cell migration and invasion, which may be related to the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9.</p>
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Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Chalcones , Down-Regulation , Glioma , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplastic Stem Cells , RNA, MessengerABSTRACT
CEUS is a pure blood pool imaging depending on the non-linear effect and strong backscatter of gas-filled microbubbles in blood to obtain contrast-enhanced images.With the advantages of displaying tumor microvascular dynamically and intuitively,CEUS has been widely used for diagnosis and evaluating prognosis of breast cancers.CEUShas high sensitivity and specificity in detecting early breast cancers and identifying sentinel lymph nodes,with wide application prospects in assessing the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy,predicting molecular typing and targeted therapy of breast cancers.The features of CEUS in breast cancers and the relationships with biomarkers,progresses in assessing neoadjuvant therapy and assisting sentinel lymph node biopsy were reviewed in the article.
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Objective To assess whether the plaque volume of carotid artery evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasound can predict the risk of cardiovascular events earlier in patients with coronary heart disease, in comparison with plaque thickness.Methods A total of 99 patients were enrolled, including 66 patients with asymptomatic carotid plaque and 33 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and carotid plaque.Three-dimensional ultrasound was performed in all the patients.Coronary angiography was performed in all the patients in CHD group.Coronary artery Gensini score was calculated.Plaque thickness, plaque area and plaque volume were compared between the two groups.We analyzed the relationship of plaque volume with Gensini score and other cardiovascular risk factors.Results Plaque volume was significantly higher in CHD group [(1312.38±513.70)mm3] than in asymptomatic group [(947.54±321.41)mm3] (P=0.023).However, plaque thickness and plaque area were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).Plaque volume was positively correlated with Gensini score (r=0.519, P=0.002), homocysteine (r=0.569, P=0.002), and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.There was a negative correlation between plaque volume and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a factor protecting against cardiovascular events (r=-0.387, P=0.038).Conclusion Compared with plaque thickness, the volume of carotid plaques assessed by three-dimensional imaging technique may be a better predictor of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease.
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BACKGROUND: Bone tissue engineering plays a very important role in the repair of bone defects, which can deliver bioactive substances, promote bone tissue growth and repair bone defects. Bone scaffolds act as one of the three elements of bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology can achieve individualized bone tissue repair through customized artificial bone preparation.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biological characteristics of several commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffolds and to explore the application of 3D printing technique in the construction of bone tissue engineering scaffolds.METHODS: The literatures of PubMed and Wanfang database related to bone tissue engineering scaffold materials and 3D printing technology were retrieved from 2005 to 2016. The Keywords were tissue engineering scaffold, bone defects,polymer materials, bioceramics, metal materials, composite materials, 3D printing in English and Chinese, respectively,which would appear simultaneously in title and abstract. Repetitive articles were excluded and finally 65 articles were included in result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffold materials include polymer materials (natural and macromolecule polymeric materials), bioceramics, and metal materials. According to the characteristics of the materials, composite materials made of different materials can compensate for the shortcomings of a single material, and then developed into new tissue engineering scaffold materials. For the tissue engineering bone production, 3D printing technologies include melt deposition technology, selective laser sintering technology, low temperature deposition manufacturing technology, and etc. When the 3D printing technology is used to prepare a bone tissue engineering scaffold, the use of powder or adhesive must have limited conditions, such as flowability, stability and wettability. Powder materials used for 3D printing can be divided into synthetic polymers, natural macromolecules,bioceramics and their mixtures, with different advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, the bone engineering scaffolds produced by 3D printing technology have unique advantages in mechanics, structure and individuality, and have wide application prospect in the manufacture of bone scaffolds.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles like body of phospholipid bilayer membrane, which are able to mediate the transfer of genetic material. There are receptors, proteins and nucleic acids in the body, with carrying tumor genetic material, regulating tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor angiogenesis and mediating tumor cell metastasis. At present, it is found that there is a close re-lationship between the secretion and the metastasis of lung cancer. The main aspects of the brain metastasis of the lung cancer medi-ated by the exocrine body include the regulation of the microenvironment of the brain, the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and the regulation of tumor cell pathology. The study on the relationship between the tumor and the metastasis of lung cancer may pro-vide more molecular targets for the development, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Objective To analyze the genetic etiology of lateral ventriculomegaly fetal on the genome-wide level with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA),and investigate the relationship between copy number variations (CNVs) and lateral ventriculomegaly and the application value of CMA in prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly.Methods Seventy fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly but normal or uncertain karyotype were selected and invasive prenatal diagnosis was performed in Xi Jing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University from Jan.2015 to Nov.2016.Microarray testing was performed using Affymetrix CytoScanTM 750k arrays and the results were analyzed according to biological information science database.The fetal development was regularly inspected,and follow up was conducted to find out the pregnancy outcome and fetal postnatal conditions.Results In 70 cases of lateral ventriculomegaly fetuses,there were 9 fetuses with pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs),3 fetuses with likely pathogenic CNVs and 1 fetus with likely pathogenic 1 oss of heterozygosity (LOH).During the 70 fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly,2 pathogenic CNVs were detected in 6 fetuses with severe and non isolated lateral ventriculomegaly (33.3％).Pathogenic CNVs was not detected but 1 likely pathogenic CNV was detected in 3 fetuses with severe and isolated lateral ventriculomegaly (33.3％).Six pathogenic CNVs were detected in 31 mild and non isolated lateral ventriculomegaly (19.4％),and 2 likely pathogenic CNVs were also detected in these group (6.5％).One pathogenic CNV and 1 likely pathogenic CNV were detected in 30 fetuses with mild and isolated fetal lateral ventriculomegaly.Conclusions CMA can identify chromosome abnormality microdeletion/microduplication which was unrecognizable by conventional karyotyping analysis.The application of CMA may increase the detection rate of pathogenic CNVs in fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly,and benefit evaluation of fetal prognosis in prenatal genetic counselling.
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BACKGROUND: The persistence of bone atrophy and maxillary sinus gasification can cause a deficiency in the height of maxillary posterior teeth. It is very difficult to place dental implants at this site. Increasing bone mass in the maxilla is beneficial for dental implantation, and it is a currently accepted method to lift the maxillary sinus to compensate for bone loss. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application effect of bone graft material, human working bone material and tissue engineering scaffold material in maxillary sinus elevation. METHODS: "Maxillary sinus elevation, dental implant, autologous bone, allograft, artificial bone, scaffold" were used as the key words in Chinese and English to retrieve relevant articles concerning materials used in maxillary sinus elevation included in PubMed and WanFang. Then, we analyzed the effects of different bone grafting materials on new bone formation, implant stability and bone-implant binding rate after maxillary sinus elevation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autologous bone is the gold standard of bone graft material in maxillary sinus elevation, which can ensure the bone mass and the long-term stability of implantation around the implant, but it is easy to cause secondary damage to the donor area and to produce infection. Allogeneic bone can be used as an alternative material of autogenous bone,such as deproteinized bovine bone minerals,inorganic bovine bone,etc.,which can generate new bone and ensure dental implantation to achieve sufficient stability. Artificial bone materials such as hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate,biphasic calcium phosphate compound,etc.have good bone conduction and can achieve a high bone-implant contact rate. Tissue-engineered bone grafts that can combine stem cells and cytokines with bio-scaffolds for maxillary sinus elevation can promote new bone formation, increase bone mass, and ensure dental implantation to achieve good stability.
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To generate transgenic mice in which both hygromycin (hyg) and neomycin (neo) resistance genes are expressed in murine fibroblast cells (MEFs), which are required for conditional gene knock-out and screening of drug resistant ES cell clones. To construct HygR-neoR expression vector, pTK-hygR-pA and PGK-neoR-pA were cloned into pBluescript vector. DNA fragments of tandem genes ( 4245bp ) were prepared by Kpn I and Xba I digestion and transgene was microinjected into pronucleus of zygotes to generate transgenic mice. Transgenic mice were identified by PCR and Southern blot; expression of hygR and neoR gene transcripts were detected by RT-PCR. 7 founder mice carrying hyg-neo resistant genes were obtained and 6 transgenic mouse lines were successfully established. The hygR and neoR gene transcripts were detected in the liver and/or ovary of transgenic mice from hn30, hn33, hn66 and hn67 mouse lines. In MEFs isolated from the mice of line hn66 and hn30, expression of hyg and neo resistant genes was also detectable. Transgenic mouse lines expressing two anti-drug genes have been established. The hyg and neo resistant gene transcripts were detected in the MEFs of two transgenic mouse lines.
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Animals , Mice , Cinnamates , Pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Genetics , Fibroblasts , Metabolism , Hygromycin B , Pharmacology , Mice, Transgenic , Neomycin , Pharmacology , Transgenes , GeneticsABSTRACT
SARS-associated coronavirus has been identified for the cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, for which there is no efficacious drugs or vaccines. RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in cell to degradation specific target mRNA by double-stranded RNA. In mammalian cells, RNAi can be triggered by short interfering RNA (siRNA). RNA interference of virus-specific genes has emerged as a potential antiviral mechanism. This work evaluated if RNase III-prepared short interfering RNAs can induce specific degradation of SARS-coronavirus mRNAs in human cells. Three of SARS genes, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike and nucleocapsid, were amplified with T7 promoter-flanked primers. Long length double-stranded RNA of these genes were transcribed in vitro and then were cleaved to <30bp length short interfering RNA with E. coli RNase III. These siRNAs were termed esiRNA-R, esiRNA-S and esiRNA-N respectively. RdRp, spike and nucleocapsid DNA fragments were inserted into the plasmid pGL3-Control, obtained plasmids pGL-R, pGL-S and pGL-N can express hybrid mRNAs luciferase-RdRp, spike and -nucleocapsid in cells. Above plasmids and esiRNAs were co-transfected to HEK293F cells with reference plasmid pRL-TK. Firefly luciferase and Renilla luciferase activity were measured. Hybrid mRNAs' abundance was measured using reverse transcription real-time PCR. Firefly luciferase expression of pGL-R was reduced to 13% by esiRNA-R. Expression of pGLS was reduced to 11% by esiRNA-S. Expression of pGL-N was reduced to 40% by esiRNA-N. Control esiRNAs didn't affect luciferase expression; Hybrid mRNAs' abundance was dramatically reduced by corresponding esiRNAs. RNase III-prepared short interfering RNAs induce robust and specific degradation of SARS-coronavirus mRNAs in HEK293F cells. These siRNAs could be used to inhibit SARS-coronavirus in future research.
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Humans , Cells, Cultured , Plasmids , RNA Interference , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , RNA, Viral , Metabolism , Ribonuclease III , Physiology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the curative effect and therapeutical mechanism of composite salvia injection (CSI) in treating ischemic cerebral infarction in the respect of oxygen free radical and apolipoprotein.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-eight cases of ischemic cerebral infarction within the first 72 hrs after onset were divided randomly into the CSI group (treated with CSI) and the control group (treated with Xueshuantong). Serum lipid peroxide (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by colorimetry and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and ApoB100 were measured with unidirectional immune diffusion method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum levels of LPO and ApoB100 were obviously lower, and levels of SOD and ApoA1 significantly higher in the CSI group than those in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The total effective rate of CSI in treating cerebral infarction was 88.24%, which was significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CSI shows definite effect in treating cerebral infarction, to reduce the oxygen free radical damage and regulate the apolipoprotein metabolism possibly was the important therapeutical mechanism.</p>